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Activity Name:

Levee Challenge 2022 - Team DVW - Use of swelling clay

Activity Numbre:

91

Activity type

Exercise

Involved Workpackage

Flood defences
Emergency response
Knowledge infrastructure

Objective

The Levee Challenge was a physical challenge in which groups of students and professionals were asked to repair the outer slope of a damaged grass covered levee. The groups need to take into account the efficiency, innovative and durable solutions for their protection measures. The reparation of the levee needed to be sufficient to withstand a series of wave overtopping generated with a wave overtopping simulator.

Activity Brief descriptor

The Levee Challenge was a physical challenge in which groups of students and professionals were asked to repair the outer slope of a damaged grass covered levee.

Linked to theme(s):

Breaching
Animal- & vegetation-induced anomalies
Erosion processes
Temporary levee repairs
Levee survey & monitoring technique
Prolonged collaboration

Activity Time

Start Date:

Feb. 9, 2022, 8 a.m.

End Date:

Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.

Active time length:

Days:

3

Hours:

None

Other:

The damage had to be repaired within a time frame of 3 hours. Testing happened in the following days.

Location

Levee stretch:

XI

Coordinates/ Latitude (WGS):

51.350779

Coordinates/ Longitude (WGS):

4.221762

Coordinates/ Altitude (mTAW):

None

Descriptor:

Test section on Dutch Levee. The slope is assumed to be 1:2.5.

Other references:

Data

Data: 1

Data type: Report
Description: Overview of testing and report
Date availability: Sept. 1, 2022
Media avaliable:
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Data: 2

Data type: media
Description:
Date availability: None
Media avaliable:
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Detaled information about the activity

Pre-conditions

Lower part of the levee was damaged by heavy traffic. Prior to the tests, 4 spots on the levee were damaged to make repairs. At the upper part of the levee slope, a cliff was dug with a width of ~1.5 m (parallel to levee slope) and a depth of 0.5-1m (deep enough to penetrate the upper clay layer).

Activity Descriptor

After the repairs were done, wave overtopping tests were carried out during a 6 hour period. Within this 6 hour period different storm scenarios were tested, with significant wave heights of 1 or 2 m, and specific discharge ranging from 50 to 200 l/s/m.

Equipments

Equipment: 1

Overtopping generator
Able to simulate overtopping over a dike.

Monitoring & Sensors

this activity does not have sensors

Limits

During Activity

See Report for more information and pictures. - The vibrating plate was not really useful to condense the clay granules. - We did not remove the sandbags we placed in the beginning as a temporary threshold to work against. During the overflow tests, this provoked a water jump that could have been avoided. Actually, knowing now how the clay core behaves, we believe it was not necessary at all to place those sandbags. - We are not sure it was necessary to use screed nets between the 20 cm thick layers of clay granules, since the clay core seemed to be very stable. - We are not sure it was necessary to fix the first piece of geotextile as we did it. Since the whole construction did not move at all during the overflow tests, it was probably sufficient to cover the clay core with a first loose piece of geotextile, stabilised with sand bags. - We finished the clay core up to approx. 10 cm under the ground level of the dike, in order to fill the upper part later with a layer of soil and to be able to sow after the so called “flooding” danger was gone. 10 cm seemed to be insufficient, since the clay core swelled some more during the overflow tests and the upper surface of the clay core reached the ground level of the dike. We believe it would have been better to finish the clay core approx. 20 or 30 cm under the ground level of the dike, and to fill up the gap above with sand bags to obtain a flat surface before putting in place the final geotextile fixed with reinforcement nets. The sandbags could then be replaced after the storm by an appropriate layer of soil. - The plugs (with roundels) we used were too small. The self-made anchors of bended Ushaped reinforcement steel on the contrary happened to be very efficient.

Post-activity conditions

No damage. By the end of the test, there was decided to remove the reinforcement nets and geotextile to see how the bare clay core would resist when exposed to the violent waves. It did not take long before the clay core started to erodee.

Immediate Results

Results /Conclusion

The use of clay granules (in bags of 25 kg) is proven to be a very plausible and handy technique to restore the part of the clay layer of an eroded dike, and it allows to finish the restoration of the dike with a layer of soil to be sown once the danger of flooding has passed. It may even be possible to carry out this restoration without the screed nets we used to reinforce the clay core. Since this technique requires few one-use materials, and it allows the dike restoration to be finished very easily after the storm, it can also be considered as an ecological and sustainable one.

Infrastructure Knowledge

Other key information